CHIRP

# Copyright 2020 Joe Milbourn <joe@milbourn.org.uk>

# Copyright 2020 Jim Unroe <rock.unroe@gmail.com>

#

# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify

# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by

# the Free Software Foundation, either version 2 of the License, or

# (at your option) any later version.

#

# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,

# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of

# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the

# GNU General Public License for more details.

#

# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License

# along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.

#

# TODO use the band field from ver_response

# TODO handle radio settings

#

# Supported features

# * Read and write memory access for 200 normal memories

# * CTCSS and DTCS for transmit and receive

# * Scan list

# * Tx off

# * Duplex (+ve, -ve, odd, and off splits)

# * Transmit power

# * Channel width (25kHz and 12.5kHz)

# * Retevis RT95, CRT Micron UV, and Midland DBR2500 radios

# * Full range of frequencies for tx and rx, supported band read from radio

#   during download, not verified on upload.  Radio will refuse to TX if out of

#   band.

#

# Unsupported features

# * VFO1, VFO2, and TRF memories

# * custom CTCSS tones

# * Any non-memory radio settings

# * Reverse, talkaround, scramble

# * busy channel lock out

# * probably other things too - like things encoded by the unknown bits in the

#   memory struct

from chirp import chirp_common, directory, memmap, errors, util

from chirp import bitwise

from chirp.settings import RadioSettingGroup, RadioSetting, \

    RadioSettingValueBoolean, RadioSettingValueList, \

    RadioSettingValueString, RadioSettingValueInteger, \

    RadioSettingValueFloat, RadioSettings, InvalidValueError

import struct

import time

import logging

LOG = logging.getLogger(__name__)

# Gross hack to handle missing future module on un-updatable

# platforms like MacOS. Just avoid registering these radio

# classes for now.

try:

    from builtins import bytes

    has_future = True

except ImportError:

    has_future = False

    LOG.warning('python-future package is not '

                'available; %s requires it' % __name__)

# Here is where we define the memory map for the radio. Since

# We often just know small bits of it, we can use #seekto to skip

# around as needed.

MEM_FORMAT = '''

#seekto 0x0000;

struct {

  bbcd freq[4];

  bbcd offset[4];

  u8 unknown1;

  u8 talkaround:1,

     scramble:1,

     unknown:2,

     txpower:2,

     duplex:2;

  u8 unknown_bits1:4,

     channel_width:2,

     reverse:1,

     tx_off:1;

  u8 unknown_bits2:4,

     dtcs_decode_en:1,

     ctcss_decode_en:1,

     dtcs_encode_en:1,

     ctcss_encode_en:1;

  u8 ctcss_dec_tone;

  u8 ctcss_enc_tone;

  u8 dtcs_decode_code;

  u8 unknown_bits6:6,

     dtcs_decode_invert:1,

     dtcs_decode_code_highbit:1;

  u8 dtcs_encode_code;

  u8 unknown_bits7:6,

     dtcs_encode_invert:1,

     dtcs_encode_code_highbit:1;

  u8 unknown_bits4:6,

     busy_channel_lockout:2;

  u8 unknown6;

  u8 unknown_bits5:7,

     tone_squelch_en:1;

  u8 unknown7;

  u8 unknown8;

  u8 unknown9;

  u8 unknown10;

  char name[5];

  ul16 customctcss;

} memory[200];

#seekto 0x1940;

struct {

  u8 occupied_bitfield[32];

  u8 scan_enabled_bitfield[32];

} memory_status;

#seekto 0x1980;

struct {

  char line[7];           // starting display

} starting_display;

#seekto 0x1990;

struct {

  u8 code[16];            // DTMF Encode M1-M16

} pttid[16];

#seekto 0x1A90;

struct {

  u8 pttIdStart[16];      // 0x1A90 ptt id starting

  u8 pttIdEnd[16];        // 0x1AA0 ptt id ending

  u8 remoteStun[16];      // 0x1AB0 remotely stun

  u8 remoteKill[16];      // 0x1AC0 remotely kill

  u8 intervalChar;        // 0x1AD0 dtmf interval character

  u8 groupCode;           // 0x1AD1 group code

  u8 unk1ad2:6,           // 0x1AD2

     decodingResponse:2;  //        decoding response

  u8 pretime;             // 0x1AD3 pretime

  u8 firstDigitTime;      // 0x1AD4 first digit time

  u8 autoResetTime;       // 0x1AD5 auto reset time

  u8 selfID[3];           // 0x1AD6 dtmf self id

  u8 unk1ad9:7,           // 0x1AD9

     sideTone:1;          //        side tone

  u8 timeLapse;           // 0x1ADA time-lapse after encode

  u8 pauseTime;           // 0x1ADB ptt id pause time

} dtmf;

#seekto 0x3200;

struct {

  u8 unk3200:5,           // 0x3200

     beepVolume:3;        //        beep volume

  u8 unk3201:4,           // 0x3201

     frequencyStep:4;     //        frequency step

  u8 unk3202:6,           // 0x3202

     displayMode:2;       // display mode

  u8 unk0x3203;

  u8 unk3204:4,           // 0x3204

     squelchLevelA:4;     //        squelch level a

  u8 unk3205:4,           // 0x3205

     squelchLevelB:4;     //        squelch level b

  u8 unk3206:2,           // 0x3206

     speakerVol:6;        //        speaker volume

  u8 unk3207:7,           // 0x3207

     powerOnPasswd:1;     //        power-on password

  u8 unk3208:6,           // 0x3208

     scanType:2;          //        scan type

  u8 unk3209:6,           // 0x3209

     scanRecoveryT:2;     //        scan recovery time

  u8 unk320a:7,           // 0x320A

     autoPowerOn:1;       //        auto power on

  u8 unk320b:7,           // 0x320B

     main:1;              //        main

  u8 unk320c:7,           // 0x320C

     dualWatch:1;         //        dual watch (rx way select)

  u8 unk320d:5,           // 0x320D

     backlightBr:3;       //        backlight brightness

  u8 unk320e:3,           // 0x320E

     timeOutTimer:5;      //        time out timer

  u8 unk320f:6,           // 0x320F

     autoPowerOff:2;      //        auto power off

  u8 unk3210:6,           // 0x3210

     tbstFrequency:2;     //        tbst frequency

  u8 unk3211:7,           // 0x3211

     screenDir:1;         //        screen direction

  u8 unk3212:2,           // 0x3212

     micKeyBrite:6;       //        hand mic key brightness

  u8 unk3213:6,           // 0x3213

     speakerSwitch:2;     //        speaker switch

  u8 keyPA;               // 0x3214 key pa

  u8 keyPB;               // 0x3215 key pb

  u8 keyPC;               // 0x3216 key pc

  u8 keyPD;               // 0x3217 key pd

  u8 unk3218:5,           // 0x3218

     steType:3;           //        ste type

  u8 unk3219:6,           // 0x3219

     steFrequency:2;      //        ste frequency

  u8 unk321a:5,           // 0x321A

     dtmfTxTime:3;        //        dtmf transmitting time

  u8 unk_bit7_6:2,        // 0x321B

     monKeyFunction:1,    //        mon key function

     channelLocked:1,     //        channel locked

     saveChParameter:1,   //        save channel parameter

     powerOnReset:1,      //        power on reset

     trfEnable:1,         //        trf enable

     knobMode:1;          //        knob mode

} settings;

#seekto 0x3240;

struct {

  char digits[6];         // password

} password;

#seekto 0x3250;

struct {

  u8 keyMode1P1;          // 0x3250 key mode 1 p1

  u8 keyMode1P2;          // 0x3251 key mode 1 p2

  u8 keyMode1P3;          // 0x3252 key mode 1 p3

  u8 keyMode1P4;          // 0x3253 key mode 1 p4

  u8 keyMode1P5;          // 0x3254 key mode 1 p5

  u8 keyMode1P6;          // 0x3255 key mode 1 p6

  u8 keyMode2P1;          // 0x3256 key mode 2 p1

  u8 keyMode2P2;          // 0x3257 key mode 2 p2

  u8 keyMode2P3;          // 0x3258 key mode 2 p3

  u8 keyMode2P4;          // 0x3259 key mode 2 p4

  u8 keyMode2P5;          // 0x325A key mode 2 p5

  u8 keyMode2P6;          // 0x325B key mode 2 p6

} pfkeys;

#seekto 0x3260;

struct {

  u8 mrChanA;             // 0x3260 mr channel a

  u8 unknown1_0:7,        // 0x3261

     vfomrA:1;            //        vfo/mr mode a

  u8 unknown2;

  u8 unknown3;

  u8 unknown4;

  u8 unknown5;

  u8 unknown6;

  u8 mrChanB;             // 0x3267 mr channel b

  u8 unknown8_0:4,        // 0x3268

     scan_active:1,

     unknown8_1:2,

     vfomrB:1;            //        vfo/mr mode b

  u8 unknown9;

  u8 unknowna;

  u8 unknownb;

  u8 unknownc;

  u8 bandlimit;           // 0x326D mode

  u8 unknownd;

  u8 unknowne;

  u8 unknownf;

} radio_settings;

'''

# Format for the version messages returned by the radio

VER_FORMAT = '''

u8 hdr;

char model[7];

u8 bandlimit;

char version[6];

u8 ack;

'''

TXPOWER_LOW = 0x00

TXPOWER_MED = 0x01

TXPOWER_HIGH = 0x02

DUPLEX_NOSPLIT = 0x00

DUPLEX_POSSPLIT = 0x01

DUPLEX_NEGSPLIT = 0x02

DUPLEX_ODDSPLIT = 0x03

CHANNEL_WIDTH_25kHz = 0x02

CHANNEL_WIDTH_20kHz = 0x01

CHANNEL_WIDTH_12d5kHz = 0x00

BUSY_CHANNEL_LOCKOUT_OFF = 0x00

BUSY_CHANNEL_LOCKOUT_REPEATER = 0x01

BUSY_CHANNEL_LOCKOUT_BUSY = 0x02

MEMORY_ADDRESS_RANGE = (0x0000, 0x3290)

MEMORY_RW_BLOCK_SIZE = 0x10

MEMORY_RW_BLOCK_CMD_SIZE = 0x16

POWER_LEVELS = [chirp_common.PowerLevel('Low', dBm=37),

                chirp_common.PowerLevel('Medium', dBm=40),

                chirp_common.PowerLevel('High', dBm=44)]

# CTCSS Tone definitions

TONE_CUSTOM_CTCSS = 0x33

TONE_MAP_VAL_TO_TONE = {0x00: 62.5, 0x01: 67.0, 0x02: 69.3,

                        0x03: 71.9, 0x04: 74.4, 0x05: 77.0,

                        0x06: 79.7, 0x07: 82.5, 0x08: 85.4,

                        0x09: 88.5, 0x0a: 91.5, 0x0b: 94.8,

                        0x0c: 97.4, 0x0d: 100.0, 0x0e: 103.5,

                        0x0f: 107.2, 0x10: 110.9, 0x11: 114.8,

                        0x12: 118.8, 0x13: 123.0, 0x14: 127.3,

                        0x15: 131.8, 0x16: 136.5, 0x17: 141.3,

                        0x18: 146.2, 0x19: 151.4, 0x1a: 156.7,

                        0x1b: 159.8, 0x1c: 162.2, 0x1d: 165.5,

                        0x1e: 167.9, 0x1f: 171.3, 0x20: 173.8,

                        0x21: 177.3, 0x22: 179.9, 0x23: 183.5,

                        0x24: 186.2, 0x25: 189.9, 0x26: 192.8,

                        0x27: 196.6, 0x28: 199.5, 0x29: 203.5,

                        0x2a: 206.5, 0x2b: 210.7, 0x2c: 218.1,

                        0x2d: 225.7, 0x2e: 229.1, 0x2f: 233.6,

                        0x30: 241.8, 0x31: 250.3, 0x32: 254.1}

TONE_MAP_TONE_TO_VAL = {TONE_MAP_VAL_TO_TONE[val]: val

                        for val in TONE_MAP_VAL_TO_TONE}

TONES_EN_TXTONE = (1 << 3)

TONES_EN_RXTONE = (1 << 2)

TONES_EN_TXCODE = (1 << 1)

TONES_EN_RXCODE = (1 << 0)

TONES_EN_NO_TONE = 0

# Radio supports upper case and symbols

CHARSET_ASCII_PLUS = chirp_common.CHARSET_UPPER_NUMERIC + '- '

# Band limits as defined by the band byte in ver_response, defined in Hz, for

# VHF and UHF, used for RX and TX.

BAND_LIMITS = {0x00: [(144000000, 148000000), (430000000, 440000000)],

               0x01: [(136000000, 174000000), (400000000, 490000000)],

               0x02: [(144000000, 146000000), (430000000, 440000000)]}

# Get band limits from a band limit value

def get_band_limits_Hz(limit_value):

    if limit_value not in BAND_LIMITS:

        limit_value = 0x01

        LOG.warning('Unknown band limit value 0x%02x, default to 0x01')

    bandlimitfrequencies = BAND_LIMITS[limit_value]

    return bandlimitfrequencies

# Calculate the checksum used in serial packets

def checksum(message_bytes):

    mask = 0xFF

    checksum = 0

    for b in message_bytes:

        checksum = (checksum + b) & mask

    return checksum

# Send a command to the radio, return any reply stripping the echo of the

# command (tx and rx share a single pin in this radio)

def send_serial_command(serial, command, expectedlen=None):

    ''' send a command to the radio, and return any response.

    set expectedlen to return as soon as that many bytes are read.

    '''

    serial.write(command)

    serial.flush()

    response = b''

    tout = time.time() + 0.5

    while time.time() < tout:

        if serial.inWaiting():

            response += serial.read()

        # remember everything gets echo'd back

        if len(response) - len(command) == expectedlen:

            break

    # cut off what got echo'd back, we don't need to see it again

    if response.startswith(command):

        response = response[len(command):]

    return response

# strip trailing 0x00 to convert a string returned by bitwise.parse into a

# python string

def cstring_to_py_string(cstring):

    return "".join(c for c in cstring if c != '\x00')

# Check the radio version reported to see if it's one we support,

# returns bool version supported, and the band index

def check_ver(ver_response, allowed_types):

    ''' Check the returned radio version is one we approve of '''

    LOG.debug('ver_response = ')

    LOG.debug(util.hexprint(ver_response))

    resp = bitwise.parse(VER_FORMAT, ver_response)

    verok = False

    if resp.hdr == 0x49 and resp.ack == 0x06:

        model, version = [cstring_to_py_string(bitwise.get_string(s)).strip()

                          for s in (resp.model, resp.version)]

        LOG.debug('radio model: \'%s\' version: \'%s\'' %

                  (model, version))

        LOG.debug('allowed_types = %s' % allowed_types)

        if model in allowed_types:

            LOG.debug('model in allowed_types')

            if version in allowed_types[model]:

                LOG.debug('version in allowed_types[model]')

                verok = True

    else:

        raise errors.RadioError('Failed to parse version response')

    return verok, int(resp.bandlimit)

# Put the radio in programming mode, sending the initial command and checking

# the response.  raise RadioError if there is no response (500ms timeout), and

# if the returned version isn't matched by check_ver

def enter_program_mode(radio):

    serial = radio.pipe

    # place the radio in program mode, and confirm

    program_response = send_serial_command(serial, b'PROGRAM')

    if program_response != b'QX\x06':

        raise errors.RadioError('No initial response from radio.')

    LOG.debug('entered program mode')

    # read the radio ID string, make sure it matches one we know about

    ver_response = send_serial_command(serial, b'\x02')

    verok, bandlimit = check_ver(ver_response, radio.ALLOWED_RADIO_TYPES)

    if not verok:

        exit_program_mode(radio)

        raise errors.RadioError(

            'Radio version not in allowed list for %s-%s: %s' %

            (radio.VENDOR, radio.MODEL, util.hexprint(ver_response)))

    return bandlimit

# Exit programming mode

def exit_program_mode(radio):

    send_serial_command(radio.pipe, b'END')

# Parse a packet from the radio returning the header (R/W, address, data, and

# checksum valid

def parse_read_response(resp):

    addr = resp[:4]

    data = bytes(resp[4:-2])

    cs = checksum(ord(d) for d in resp[1:-2])

    valid = cs == ord(resp[-2])

    if not valid:

        LOG.error('checksumfail: %02x, expected %02x' % (cs, ord(resp[-2])))

        LOG.error('msg data: %s' % util.hexprint(resp))

    return addr, data, valid

# Download data from the radio and populate the memory map

def do_download(radio):

    '''Download memories from the radio'''

    # Get the serial port connection

    serial = radio.pipe

    try:

        enter_program_mode(radio)

        memory_data = bytes()

        # status info for the UI

        status = chirp_common.Status()

        status.cur = 0

        status.max = (MEMORY_ADDRESS_RANGE[1] -

                      MEMORY_ADDRESS_RANGE[0])/MEMORY_RW_BLOCK_SIZE

        status.msg = 'Cloning from radio...'

        radio.status_fn(status)

        for addr in range(MEMORY_ADDRESS_RANGE[0],

                          MEMORY_ADDRESS_RANGE[1] + MEMORY_RW_BLOCK_SIZE,

                          MEMORY_RW_BLOCK_SIZE):

            read_command = struct.pack('>BHB', 0x52, addr,

                                       MEMORY_RW_BLOCK_SIZE)

            read_response = send_serial_command(serial, read_command,

                                                MEMORY_RW_BLOCK_CMD_SIZE)

            # LOG.debug('read response:\n%s' % util.hexprint(read_response))

            address, data, valid = parse_read_response(read_response)

            memory_data += data

            # update UI

            status.cur = (addr - MEMORY_ADDRESS_RANGE[0])\

                / MEMORY_RW_BLOCK_SIZE

            radio.status_fn(status)

        exit_program_mode(radio)

    except errors.RadioError as e:

        raise e

    except Exception as e:

        raise errors.RadioError('Failed to download from radio: %s' % e)

    return memmap.MemoryMapBytes(memory_data)

# Build a write data command to send to the radio

def make_write_data_cmd(addr, data, datalen):

    cmd = struct.pack('>BHB', 0x57, addr, datalen)

    cmd += data

    cs = checksum(ord(c) for c in cmd[1:])

    cmd += struct.pack('>BB', cs, 0x06)

    return cmd

# Upload a memory map to the radio

def do_upload(radio):

    try:

        bandlimit = enter_program_mode(radio)

        if bandlimit != radio._memobj.radio_settings.bandlimit:

            LOG.warning('radio and image bandlimits differ'

                        ' some channels many not work'

                        ' (img:0x%02x radio:0x%02x)' %

                        (int(bandlimit),

                         int(radio._memobj.radio_settings.bandlimit)))

            LOG.warning('radio bands: %s' % get_band_limits_Hz(

                         int(radio._memobj.radio_settings.bandlimit)))

            LOG.warning('img bands: %s' % get_band_limits_Hz(bandlimit))

        serial = radio.pipe

        # send the initial message, radio responds with something that looks a

        # bit like a bitfield, but I don't know what it is yet.

        read_command = struct.pack('>BHB', 0x52, 0x3b10, MEMORY_RW_BLOCK_SIZE)

        read_response = send_serial_command(serial, read_command,

                                            MEMORY_RW_BLOCK_CMD_SIZE)

        address, data, valid = parse_read_response(read_response)

        LOG.debug('Got initial response from radio: %s' %

                  util.hexprint(read_response))

        bptr = 0

        memory_addrs = range(MEMORY_ADDRESS_RANGE[0],

                             MEMORY_ADDRESS_RANGE[1] + MEMORY_RW_BLOCK_SIZE,

                             MEMORY_RW_BLOCK_SIZE)

        # status info for the UI

        status = chirp_common.Status()

        status.cur = 0

        status.max = len(memory_addrs)

        status.msg = 'Cloning to radio...'

        radio.status_fn(status)

        for idx, addr in enumerate(memory_addrs):

            write_command = make_write_data_cmd(

                addr, radio._mmap[bptr:bptr+MEMORY_RW_BLOCK_SIZE],

                MEMORY_RW_BLOCK_SIZE)

            # LOG.debug('write data:\n%s' % util.hexprint(write_command))

            write_response = send_serial_command(serial, write_command, 0x01)

            bptr += MEMORY_RW_BLOCK_SIZE

            if write_response == '\x0a':

                # NACK from radio, e.g. checksum wrongn

                LOG.debug('Radio returned 0x0a - NACK:')

                LOG.debug(' * write cmd:\n%s' % util.hexprint(write_command))

                LOG.debug(' * write response:\n%s' %

                          util.hexprint(write_response))

                exit_program_mode(radio)

                raise errors.RadioError('Radio NACK\'d write command')

            # update UI

            status.cur = idx

            radio.status_fn(status)

        exit_program_mode(radio)

    except errors.RadioError:

        raise

    except Exception as e:

        raise errors.RadioError('Failed to download from radio: %s' % e)

# Get the value of @bitfield @number of bits in from 0

def get_bitfield(bitfield, number):

    ''' Get the value of @bitfield @number of bits in '''

    byteidx = number//8

    bitidx = number - (byteidx * 8)

    return bitfield[byteidx] & (1 << bitidx)

# Set the @value of @bitfield @number of bits in from 0

def set_bitfield(bitfield, number, value):

    ''' Set the @value of @bitfield @number of bits in '''

    byteidx = number//8

    bitidx = number - (byteidx * 8)

    if value is True:

        bitfield[byteidx] |= (1 << bitidx)

    else:

        bitfield[byteidx] &= ~(1 << bitidx)

    return bitfield

# Translate the radio's version of a code as stored to a real code

def dtcs_code_bits_to_val(highbit, lowbyte):

    return chirp_common.ALL_DTCS_CODES[highbit*256 + lowbyte]

# Translate the radio's version of a tone as stored to a real tone

def ctcss_tone_bits_to_val(tone_byte):

    # TODO use the custom setting 0x33 and ref the custom ctcss

    # field

    tone_byte = int(tone_byte)

    if tone_byte in TONE_MAP_VAL_TO_TONE:

        return TONE_MAP_VAL_TO_TONE[tone_byte]

    elif tone_byte == TONE_CUSTOM_CTCSS:

        LOG.info('custom ctcss not implemented (yet?).')

    else:

        raise errors.UnsupportedToneError('unknown ctcss tone value: %02x' %

                                          tone_byte)

# Translate a real tone to the radio's version as stored

def ctcss_code_val_to_bits(tone_value):

    if tone_value in TONE_MAP_TONE_TO_VAL:

        return TONE_MAP_TONE_TO_VAL[tone_value]

    else:

        raise errors.UnsupportedToneError('Tone %f not supported' % tone_value)

# Translate a real code to the radio's version as stored

def dtcs_code_val_to_bits(code):

    val = chirp_common.ALL_DTCS_CODES.index(code)

    return (val & 0xFF), ((val >> 8) & 0x01)

class AnyTone778UVBase(chirp_common.CloneModeRadio,

                       chirp_common.ExperimentalRadio):

    '''AnyTone 778UV and probably Retivis RT95 and others'''

    BAUD_RATE = 9600

    NEEDS_COMPAT_SERIAL = False

    @classmethod

    def get_prompts(cls):

        rp = chirp_common.RadioPrompts()

        rp.experimental = \

            ('This is experimental support for the %s %s.  '

             'Please send in bug and enhancement requests!' %

             (cls.VENDOR, cls.MODEL))

        return rp

    # Return information about this radio's features, including

    # how many memories it has, what bands it supports, etc

    def get_features(self):

        rf = chirp_common.RadioFeatures()

        rf.has_bank = False

        rf.has_settings = True

        rf.can_odd_split = True

        rf.has_name = True

        rf.has_offset = True

        rf.valid_name_length = 5

        rf.valid_duplexes = ['', '+', '-', 'split', 'off']

        rf.valid_characters = CHARSET_ASCII_PLUS

        rf.has_dtcs = True

        rf.has_rx_dtcs = True

        rf.has_dtcs_polarity = True

        rf.valid_dtcs_codes = chirp_common.ALL_DTCS_CODES

        rf.has_ctone = True

        rf.has_cross = True

        rf.valid_tmodes = ['', 'Tone', 'TSQL', 'DTCS', 'Cross']

        rf.valid_cross_modes = ['Tone->Tone',

                                'Tone->DTCS',

                                'DTCS->Tone',

                                'DTCS->DTCS',

                                'DTCS->',

                                '->DTCS',

                                '->Tone']

        rf.memory_bounds = (1, 200)  # This radio supports memories 1-200

        try:

            rf.valid_bands = get_band_limits_Hz(

                int(self._memobj.radio_settings.bandlimit))

        except TypeError as e:

            # If we're asked without memory loaded, assume the most permissive

            rf.valid_bands = get_band_limits_Hz(1)

        except Exception as e:

            LOG.error('Failed to get band limits for anytone778uv: %s' % e)

            rf.valid_bands = get_band_limits_Hz(1)

        rf.valid_modes = ['FM', 'NFM']

        rf.valid_power_levels = POWER_LEVELS

        rf.valid_tuning_steps = [2.5, 5, 6.25, 10, 12.5, 20, 25, 30, 50]

        rf.has_tuning_step = False

        return rf

    # Do a download of the radio from the serial port

    def sync_in(self):

        self._mmap = do_download(self)

        self.process_mmap()

    # Do an upload of the radio to the serial port

    def sync_out(self):

        do_upload(self)

    # Convert the raw byte array into a memory object structure

    def process_mmap(self):

        self._memobj = bitwise.parse(MEM_FORMAT, self._mmap)

    # Return a raw representation of the memory object, which

    # is very helpful for development

    def get_raw_memory(self, number):

        return repr(self._memobj.memory[number - 1])

    # Extract a high-level memory object from the low-level memory map

    # This is called to populate a memory in the UI

    def get_memory(self, number):

        number -= 1

        # Get a low-level memory object mapped to the image

        _mem = self._memobj.memory[number]

        _mem_status = self._memobj.memory_status

        # Create a high-level memory object to return to the UI

        mem = chirp_common.Memory()

        mem.number = number + 1           # Set the memory number

        # Check if this memory is present in the occupied list

        mem.empty = get_bitfield(_mem_status.occupied_bitfield, number) == 0

        if not mem.empty:

            # Check if this memory is in the scan enabled list

            mem.skip = ''

            if get_bitfield(_mem_status.scan_enabled_bitfield, number) == 0:

                mem.skip = 'S'

            # set the name

            mem.name = str(_mem.name).rstrip()  # Set the alpha tag

            # Convert your low-level frequency and offset to Hertz

            mem.freq = int(_mem.freq) * 10

            mem.offset = int(_mem.offset) * 10

            # Set the duplex flags

            if _mem.duplex == DUPLEX_POSSPLIT:

                mem.duplex = '+'

            elif _mem.duplex == DUPLEX_NEGSPLIT:

                mem.duplex = '-'

            elif _mem.duplex == DUPLEX_NOSPLIT:

                mem.duplex = ''

            elif _mem.duplex == DUPLEX_ODDSPLIT:

                mem.duplex = 'split'

            else:

                LOG.error('%s: get_mem: unhandled duplex: %02x' %

                          (mem.name, _mem.duplex))

            # handle tx off

            if _mem.tx_off:

                mem.duplex = 'off'

            # Set the channel width

            if _mem.channel_width == CHANNEL_WIDTH_25kHz:

                mem.mode = 'FM'

            elif _mem.channel_width == CHANNEL_WIDTH_20kHz:

                LOG.info(

                    '%s: get_mem: promoting 20kHz channel width to 25kHz' %

                    mem.name)

                mem.mode = 'FM'

            elif _mem.channel_width == CHANNEL_WIDTH_12d5kHz:

                mem.mode = 'NFM'

            else:

                LOG.error('%s: get_mem: unhandled channel width: 0x%02x' %

                          (mem.name, _mem.channel_width))

            # set the power level

            if _mem.txpower == TXPOWER_LOW:

                mem.power = POWER_LEVELS[0]

            elif _mem.txpower == TXPOWER_MED:

                mem.power = POWER_LEVELS[1]

            elif _mem.txpower == TXPOWER_HIGH:

                mem.power = POWER_LEVELS[2]

            else:

                LOG.error('%s: get_mem: unhandled power level: 0x%02x' %

                          (mem.name, _mem.txpower))

            # CTCSS Tones

            # TODO support custom ctcss tones here

            txtone = None

            rxtone = None

            rxcode = None

            txcode = None

            # check if dtcs tx is enabled

            if _mem.dtcs_encode_en:

                txcode = dtcs_code_bits_to_val(_mem.dtcs_encode_code_highbit,

                                               _mem.dtcs_encode_code)

            # check if dtcs rx is enabled

            if _mem.dtcs_decode_en:

                rxcode = dtcs_code_bits_to_val(_mem.dtcs_decode_code_highbit,

                                               _mem.dtcs_decode_code)

            if txcode is not None:

                LOG.debug('%s: get_mem dtcs_enc: %d' % (mem.name, txcode))

            if rxcode is not None:

                LOG.debug('%s: get_mem dtcs_dec: %d' % (mem.name, rxcode))

            # tsql set if radio squelches on tone

            tsql = _mem.tone_squelch_en

            # check if ctcss tx is enabled

            if _mem.ctcss_encode_en:

                txtone = ctcss_tone_bits_to_val(_mem.ctcss_enc_tone)

            # check if ctcss rx is enabled

            if _mem.ctcss_decode_en:

                rxtone = ctcss_tone_bits_to_val(_mem.ctcss_dec_tone)

            # Define this here to allow a readable if-else tree enabling tone

            # options

            enabled = 0

            enabled |= (txtone is not None) * TONES_EN_TXTONE

            enabled |= (rxtone is not None) * TONES_EN_RXTONE

            enabled |= (txcode is not None) * TONES_EN_TXCODE

            enabled |= (rxcode is not None) * TONES_EN_RXCODE

            # Add some debugging output for the tone bitmap

            enstr = []

            if enabled & TONES_EN_TXTONE:

                enstr += ['TONES_EN_TXTONE']

            if enabled & TONES_EN_RXTONE:

                enstr += ['TONES_EN_RXTONE']

            if enabled & TONES_EN_TXCODE:

                enstr += ['TONES_EN_TXCODE']

            if enabled & TONES_EN_RXCODE:

                enstr += ['TONES_EN_RXCODE']

            if enabled == 0:

                enstr = ['TONES_EN_NOTONE']

            LOG.debug('%s: enabled = %s' % (

                mem.name, '|'.join(enstr)))

            mem.tmode = ''

            if enabled == TONES_EN_NO_TONE:

                mem.tmode = ''

            elif enabled == TONES_EN_TXTONE:

                mem.tmode = 'Tone'

                mem.rtone = txtone

            elif enabled == TONES_EN_RXTONE and tsql:

                mem.tmode = 'Cross'

                mem.cross_mode = '->Tone'

                mem.ctone = rxtone

            elif enabled == (TONES_EN_TXTONE | TONES_EN_RXTONE) and tsql:

                if txtone == rxtone:  # TSQL

                    mem.tmode = 'TSQL'

                    mem.ctone = txtone

                else:  # Tone->Tone

                    mem.tmode = 'Cross'

                    mem.cross_mode = 'Tone->Tone'

                    mem.ctone = rxtone

                    mem.rtone = txtone

            elif enabled == TONES_EN_TXCODE:

                mem.tmode = 'Cross'

                mem.cross_mode = 'DTCS->'

                mem.dtcs = txcode

            elif enabled == TONES_EN_RXCODE and tsql:

                mem.tmode = 'Cross'

                mem.cross_mode = '->DTCS'

                mem.rx_dtcs = rxcode

            elif enabled == (TONES_EN_TXCODE | TONES_EN_RXCODE) and tsql:

                if rxcode == txcode:

                    mem.tmode = 'DTCS'

                    mem.rx_dtcs = rxcode

                    # #8327 Not sure this is the correct interpretation of

                    # DevelopersToneModes, but it seems to make it work round

                    # tripping with the anytone software.  DTM implies that we

                    # might not need to set mem.dtcs, but if we do it only DTCS

                    # rx works (as if we were Cross:None->DTCS).

                    mem.dtcs = rxcode

                else:

                    mem.tmode = 'Cross'

                    mem.cross_mode = 'DTCS->DTCS'

                    mem.rx_dtcs = rxcode

                    mem.dtcs = txcode

            elif enabled == (TONES_EN_TXCODE | TONES_EN_RXTONE) and tsql:

                mem.tmode = 'Cross'

                mem.cross_mode = 'DTCS->Tone'

                mem.dtcs = txcode

                mem.ctone = rxtone

            elif enabled == (TONES_EN_TXTONE | TONES_EN_RXCODE) and tsql:

                mem.tmode = 'Cross'

                mem.cross_mode = 'Tone->DTCS'

                mem.rx_dtcs = rxcode

                mem.rtone = txtone

            else:

                LOG.error('%s: Unhandled tmode enabled = %d.' % (

                    mem.name, enabled))

                # Can get here if e.g. TONE_EN_RXCODE is set and tsql isn't

                # In that case should we perhaps store the tone and code values

                # if they're present and then setup tmode and cross_mode as

                # appropriate later?

            # set the dtcs polarity

            dtcs_pol_bit_to_str = {0: 'N', 1: 'R'}

            mem.dtcs_polarity = '%s%s' %\

                (dtcs_pol_bit_to_str[_mem.dtcs_encode_invert == 1],

                 dtcs_pol_bit_to_str[_mem.dtcs_decode_invert == 1])

        return mem

    # Store details about a high-level memory to the memory map

    # This is called when a user edits a memory in the UI

    def set_memory(self, mem):

        # Get a low-level memory object mapped to the image

        _mem = self._memobj.memory[mem.number - 1]

        _mem_status = self._memobj.memory_status

        # set the occupied bitfield

        _mem_status.occupied_bitfield = \

            set_bitfield(_mem_status.occupied_bitfield, mem.number - 1,

                         not mem.empty)

        # set the scan add bitfield

        _mem_status.scan_enabled_bitfield = \

            set_bitfield(_mem_status.scan_enabled_bitfield, mem.number - 1,

                         (not mem.empty) and (mem.skip != 'S'))

        if mem.empty:

            # Set the whole memory to 0xff

            _mem.set_raw('\xff' * (_mem.size() / 8))